E-Bike Safety Tips Every New Rider Should Know
Whether you just bought your first e-bike or you are thinking about getting one, safety should be at the top of your list. E-bikes are heavier and faster than traditional bicycles, and that extra power means you need to adjust your habits to stay safe on the road.
E-bike injuries in the United States have been rising sharply. According to a 2024 study published in JAMA Network Open, e-bike-related emergency room visits went from 751 in 2017 to 23,493 in 2022, more than doubling every year. The American College of Surgeons reports that more than 20,000 people are injured on e-bikes annually, with roughly 3,000 requiring hospitalization. The good news is that most of these injuries are preventable with the right preparation and riding habits.
At Riding 5, we help riders get started safely every day. Here is everything you need to know before your next ride.
Always Wear a Helmet
A helmet is the single most important piece of safety equipment you can wear. A 2017 meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Epidemiology reviewed 40 studies covering over 64,000 injured cyclists and found that wearing a bicycle helmet reduces the risk of head injury by about 51% and the risk of serious head injury by 69%. A separate 2018 meta-analysis of 55 studies similarly found helmets reduce head injury by 48% and serious head injury by 60%.
In California, the law is clear. All riders under 18 must wear a helmet on any class of e-bike (CVC 21212). If you are riding a Class 3 e-bike, which provides pedal-assist up to 28 mph, every rider of any age is required to wear a helmet (CVC 21213). Even if you are an adult on a Class 1 or Class 2 e-bike, wearing a helmet every ride is strongly recommended. E-bike injuries tend to be more severe than traditional bicycle injuries, and a helmet can be the difference between walking away and a hospital stay.
When choosing a helmet, look for one that meets CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) standards. A properly fitted helmet should sit level on your head, rest low on your forehead with no more than two finger widths above your eyebrows, and feel snug without wobbling. For higher-speed riding, consider a MIPS helmet (Multi-Directional Impact Protection System), which is designed to reduce rotational forces during a crash. Riding 5 carries a selection of helmets at all six store locations and our staff can help you find the right fit.
Do a Pre-Ride Safety Check
Before every ride, take 60 seconds to check your bike. A quick inspection can prevent a breakdown or a crash.
Tires. Check the tire pressure using a gauge. The recommended PSI is printed on the tire sidewall. Low tire pressure makes your bike harder to control, increases rolling resistance, and raises the risk of flats. Look for any visible damage, cracks, or embedded debris while you are at it.
Brakes. Squeeze each brake lever while rolling the bike forward slowly. Both brakes should engage firmly and stop the bike's movement. E-bikes are heavier than regular bikes, so your brakes work harder and wear faster. If they feel spongy, require excessive pull, or you hear grinding, get them serviced before riding.
Battery. Make sure your battery is charged enough for your planned ride plus a buffer. A dead battery mid-ride means you are pedaling a much heavier bike home. Keep in mind that hills, headwind, cold temperatures, and heavy throttle use will drain your battery faster than flat-ground pedal-assist riding.
Lights and Reflectors. As of January 1, 2026, California law (AB 544) requires all e-bikes to have a rear red reflector or a solid or flashing red light with a built-in reflector at all times of operation, not just during darkness. This is a change from the previous law that only required rear lighting at night. Make sure yours is in place and working before every ride.
Chain and Drivetrain. Give the chain a quick visual check. It should not be excessively loose, rusty, or dry. A well-lubricated chain runs smoother and reduces the chance of it snapping mid-ride.
Know the Rules of the Road
In California, e-bike riders have the same rights and responsibilities as drivers of motor vehicles (CVC 21200). That means you must obey all traffic signals, stop at stop signs, yield the right of way when required, and ride in the same direction as traffic. Here are the most important rules to follow.
Ride with traffic. Always ride on the right side of the road in the direction of traffic flow (CVC 21650). Never ride against traffic, even if it feels safer. Drivers are not expecting oncoming bikes, and head-on collisions are far more dangerous than same-direction incidents.
Use bike lanes when available. If a bike lane exists and you are riding slower than the normal speed of traffic, you should use it. You are allowed to leave the bike lane to pass another cyclist, prepare for a left turn, or avoid hazards like debris, potholes, or parked cars with doors that may open (CVC 21208).
Signal your turns. California law requires cyclists to signal at least 100 feet before turning (CVC 22108). For a left turn, extend your left arm straight out horizontally. For a right turn, you can either extend your right arm straight out or hold your left arm up at a 90-degree angle with your palm facing forward (CVC 22111). To signal that you are slowing down or stopping, extend your left arm downward.
No headphones in both ears. You cannot wear earplugs in both ears or a headset covering both ears while riding (CVC 27400). You need to be able to hear traffic, horns, sirens, and other riders around you. A single earbud is technically legal but still reduces your awareness.
No riding under the influence. It is illegal to ride an e-bike while under the influence of alcohol or drugs in California (CVC 21200.5). Penalties can include fines up to $250.
Ride Defensively
E-bikes can reach speeds of 20 to 28 mph depending on the class. At those speeds, you cover ground much faster than drivers expect a cyclist to move. You need to be constantly aware of your surroundings and anticipate what others might do.
Make eye contact with drivers at intersections before crossing. Never assume a driver has seen you, even if you have the right of way. If you cannot make eye contact, assume they have not seen you and proceed with caution.
Watch for car doors. Ride at least three to four feet from parked cars to avoid being hit by a suddenly opening door, sometimes called "getting doored." This is one of the most common causes of urban cycling injuries.
Be extra cautious at intersections. Slow down when approaching any intersection, driveway, or parking lot entrance. The majority of collisions between bicycles and motor vehicles happen at these locations. Look left, right, and left again before proceeding.
Leave extra stopping distance. E-bikes are significantly heavier than regular bicycles, which means they take longer to stop. Start braking earlier than you would on a regular bike, and apply even pressure to both the front and rear brakes simultaneously. Grabbing only the front brake at speed can cause the rear wheel to lift and send you over the handlebars. Practice emergency braking in a safe area so you know exactly how your bike responds.
Scan for road hazards. Potholes, gravel, wet leaves, railroad tracks, and metal grates can all cause you to lose control. Scan the road 15 to 20 feet ahead so you have time to react. Cross railroad tracks and metal grates at a perpendicular angle to avoid your tire getting caught.
Stay Visible
Visibility is one of the biggest factors in rider safety, especially at dawn, dusk, and after dark.
California law requires specific equipment when riding during darkness (CVC 21201). You must have a white front light attached to the bicycle or your body that is visible from a distance of 300 feet to the front and from the sides. You must have a rear red reflector or a solid or flashing red light visible from a distance of 500 feet. You must have white or yellow reflectors on each pedal or on your shoes or ankles that are visible from 200 feet. You also need a white or yellow reflector on the front half of the bicycle and a white or red reflector on each side of the rear half, or reflectorized tires.
Even during the day, wearing bright or high-contrast clothing makes a significant difference in how easily drivers can spot you. Many experienced riders add a flashing front and rear light during daytime rides for extra visibility, which is not required by law but is a smart habit. Riding 5 carries front and rear lights, reflectors, and reflective accessories at all store locations.
Understand Your E-Bike's Class
Not all e-bikes are the same. California classifies e-bikes into three categories under CVC 312.5, and the classification affects where you can ride, how fast the motor will assist you, and what safety requirements apply.
Class 1 e-bikes are pedal-assist only. The motor provides assistance only when you are pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph. This is the most versatile class and is allowed on most bike paths and trails.
Class 2 e-bikes have a throttle in addition to pedal-assist. The motor can propel the bike without pedaling, up to 20 mph. Class 2 bikes are allowed on bike lanes and roads but may be restricted on some multi-use paths depending on local rules.
Class 3 e-bikes provide pedal-assist up to 28 mph and are required to have a speedometer. Riders must be at least 16 years old, and helmets are required for all riders regardless of age (CVC 21213). Class 3 e-bikes are generally not allowed on multi-use bike paths unless the path is within or adjacent to a roadway.
All three classes are limited to a maximum motor power of 750 watts. If you are unsure of your e-bike's class, check the label on the frame. E-bikes manufactured after 2017 are required to have a permanently affixed label showing the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage (CVC 312.5(c)). If your bike does not have a label, the staff at any Riding 5 location can help you identify its class.
Do Not Ride Double
Carrying a passenger on an e-bike designed for a single rider is dangerous. The extra weight changes your center of gravity, makes steering less predictable, increases stopping distance, and can exceed the maximum weight limit specified by the manufacturer. Only carry passengers if your e-bike is specifically designed and set up to accommodate them, with a proper seat that retains the passenger and protects them from moving parts (CVC 21204). Passengers who weigh less than 40 pounds must be in a seat that meets these requirements.
Tips for Riding at Night
Riding at night is significantly riskier because it is harder for others to see you and harder for you to spot road hazards. If you ride after dark, take these precautions seriously.
Use bright front and rear lights, not just the minimum reflectors required by law. Modern bicycle lights are lightweight, rechargeable, and extremely bright. A good front light of 500 lumens or more will illuminate the road ahead and make you visible to oncoming traffic.
Wear reflective gear or light-colored clothing. Reflective vests, ankle bands, and jacket strips catch headlights and make you visible from much farther away than dark clothing.
Stick to well-lit, familiar routes when possible. Avoid unfamiliar roads or trails where you do not know the surface conditions.
Ride at a slower, more controlled speed. Your reaction time is the same, but your ability to see obstacles is reduced.
Be extra alert for pedestrians. Walkers, joggers, and dog walkers are harder to see at night and may not hear you approaching.
Battery Safety
Lithium-ion battery fires have been a growing concern nationwide. In response, California's SB 1271 took effect on January 1, 2026, requiring all new e-bike batteries sold in the state to meet UL 2849 or EN 15194 safety certification standards. Batteries must display a certification lab marking. Starting January 1, 2028, the same standard will apply to rental e-bikes.
To keep your battery safe, follow these practices. Only use the charger that came with your e-bike or one specifically approved by the manufacturer. Never use a third-party charger that was not designed for your battery. Never charge your battery unattended or overnight while you are sleeping. Charge in a well-ventilated area, ideally on a hard, non-flammable surface. Store your battery in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, extreme heat, and extreme cold. Do not charge a battery that appears damaged, swollen, leaking, or that smells unusual. If your battery was involved in a crash or impact, have it inspected by a qualified technician before using it again.
If you ever have concerns about your battery, bring your e-bike to any Riding 5 location. Our technicians can inspect the battery and advise on whether it needs replacement.
E-Bike Safety for Parents and Young Riders
E-bikes are increasingly popular with kids and teens, and parents should be aware of both the laws and the risks.
All riders under 18 must wear a helmet on any class of e-bike in California (CVC 21212). Riders must be at least 16 years old to operate a Class 3 e-bike (CVC 21213). There is no statewide minimum age for Class 1 or Class 2 e-bikes, though some municipalities have begun adopting local age restrictions. Parents and guardians are legally and financially responsible for their children's actions while riding an e-bike, including any injuries or damages caused.
Teach young riders the basics before they ride on public roads: stopping at red lights and stop signs, yielding to pedestrians, using hand signals for turns and stops, riding with traffic, and staying off sidewalks in areas where it is prohibited. Supervise younger and less experienced riders, especially in areas with motor vehicle traffic.
Starting in 2026, AB 544 allows the CHP-developed online e-bike safety and training program to fulfill the safety course requirement for minors who receive a helmet violation involving an e-bike. This is a resource worth using even if your child has not received a citation.
Practice Before You Ride in Traffic
If you are new to e-bikes, spend time practicing in a parking lot, cul-de-sac, or quiet neighborhood street before heading out on busy roads. The extra speed and weight of an e-bike can surprise first-time riders. Get comfortable with the following before riding in traffic.
How the pedal-assist or throttle responds at each power level. Some bikes have a noticeable surge of power that can catch you off guard if you are not ready.
Braking distances at various speeds. Practice stopping from 10, 15, and 20 mph so you have a feel for how much room you need.
Turning and maneuvering at low speeds. E-bikes are heavier and can feel unwieldy at walking speed. Practice tight turns and U-turns.
Using hand signals while maintaining control. This takes practice because you need to ride one-handed while signaling.
Emergency braking. Practice quick, controlled stops using both brakes. This builds muscle memory that could save you in a real emergency.
Visit Riding 5 for a Free E-Bike Safety Check
Riding 5 offers free e-bike safety checks at all six store locations. Our trained staff can inspect your brakes, tires, lights, battery, and drivetrain to make sure everything is in safe working order. We also carry a full range of safety accessories including helmets, front and rear lights, reflectors, locks, and mirrors.
Whether you bought your e-bike from Riding 5 or from another retailer, our technicians are here to help. We service all major e-bike brands including Aventon, Rad Power, Himiway, Macfox, Velotric, and more. Stop by any of our locations and ride with confidence.
Not sure if your e-bike is safe and road-legal? Bring it in. We will check it for free.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a helmet to ride an e-bike in California?
If you are under 18, yes. California law requires all riders under 18 to wear a helmet on any class of e-bike. If you are riding a Class 3 e-bike, a helmet is required regardless of your age. For Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes, adults are not legally required to wear a helmet, but it is strongly recommended given the higher speeds and heavier weight of e-bikes compared to traditional bicycles.
Are e-bikes safe?
E-bikes are safe when ridden responsibly with the right precautions. The key safety factors are wearing a properly fitted helmet, following traffic laws, staying visible, maintaining your bike, and riding within your skill level. Most e-bike injuries are preventable and result from not wearing a helmet, riding too fast for conditions, or not following traffic rules.
What safety gear do I need for an e-bike?
At minimum, you should wear a properly fitted helmet that meets CPSC standards. Beyond that, front and rear lights are essential even for daytime riding, and they are required by law for night riding. Reflective clothing or accessories, gloves for grip and protection, and closed-toe shoes are also recommended. Riding 5 carries helmets, lights, reflectors, and other safety accessories at all six locations.
What are the negatives of e-bikes?
The most commonly cited concerns are the heavier weight (which makes them harder to maneuver and increases stopping distance), the higher speeds compared to traditional bikes (which require more caution), battery charging and maintenance, and the upfront cost. However, all of these can be managed with proper riding habits, regular maintenance, and choosing the right class of e-bike for your needs.
Do I need a license or registration for an e-bike in California?
No. E-bikes that meet California's definition (operable pedals, electric motor of 750 watts or less, and proper class labeling) are not considered motor vehicles. No driver's license, registration, or insurance is required for any class of e-bike.
Where can I get my e-bike inspected for safety?
Riding 5 offers free e-bike safety checks at all six store locations in Claremont, Ontario, Brea, Long Beach, Temecula, and Huntington Beach. Our technicians will inspect your brakes, tires, battery, lights, and overall condition regardless of where you purchased your e-bike.
